文/中華戰略學會資深研究員 張競
中華新聞報 / 張競博士專欄 : 要求美國「反對」臺獨，豈非授權其干預內政？
Xi Is Chasing a Huge Concession From Trump: Opposing Taiwan Independence
The Chinese leader views the president’s eagerness for a trade deal as an opportunity to press for his top goal
https://www.wsj.com/world/china/trump-xi-talks-china-taiwan-8ed82d1b
我認為這個報導基本上是在胡說八道，北京多次呼籲華盛頓或是美國要「支持中國和平統一」，甚至還有特別點名過特定政治人物；而且同樣也對其他國家提出過類似喊話。但我確實認為北京若是要求他國表態「反對臺獨」，這豈不就是授權他國可以干預臺灣問題，對於臺灣政治命運有發言權嗎？
美國多次表態不支持臺獨，其言下之意，就是其並無權利去干預臺灣之政治命運，所以才有此種不干預他國內政之政治語言。但若是要求他國「支持中國和平統一」，豈不也是容許他國干預臺灣之政治命運呢？
不過北京與華盛頓相互交手過程中，美國確實曾經表態支持中國和平統一，只要閱讀《817公報》下列各點：
三、互相尊重主權和領土完整、互不干涉內政是指導中美關係的根本原則。一九七二年二月二十八的上海公報確認了這些原則。一九七九年一月一日生效的建交公報又重申了這些原則。雙方強調聲明，這些原則仍是指導雙方關系所有方面的原則。
Respect for each other’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and non-interference in each other’s internal affairs constitute the fundamental principles guiding United States China relations. These principles were confirmed in the Shanghai Communique of February 28, 1972 and reaffirmed in the Joint Communique on the Establishment Of Diplomatic Relations which came into effect on January 1, 1979. Both sides emphatically state that these principles continue to govern all aspects of their relations.
四、中國政府重申，台灣問題是中國的內政。一九七九年一月一日中國發表的告台灣同胞書宣布了爭取和平統一祖國的大政方針。一九八一年九月三十日中國提出的九點方針是按照這一大政方針爭取和平解決台灣問題的進一步重大努力。
The Chinese Government reiterates that the question of Taiwan is China’s internal affair. The Message to Compatriots in Taiwan issued by China on January 1, 1979 promulgated a fundamental policy of striving for peaceful reunification of the motherland. The Nine-Point Proposal put forward by China on September 30, 1981 represented a further major effort under this fundamental policy to strive for a peaceful solution to the Taiwan question.
五、美國政府非常重視它與中國的關係，並重申，它無意侵犯中國的主權和領土完整，無意干涉中國的內政，也無意執行「兩個中國」或「一中一台」政策。美國政府理解並欣賞一九七九年一月一日中國發表的告台灣同胞書和一九八一年九月三十日中國提出的九點方針中所表明的中國爭取和平解決台灣問題的政策。台灣問題上出現的新形勢也為解決中美兩國在美國售台武器問題上的分歧提供了有利的條件。
The United States Government attaches great importance to its relations with China, and reiterates that it has no intention of infringing on Chinese sovereignty and territorial integrity, or interfering in China’s internal affairs, or pursuing a policy of “two Chinas” or “one China, one Taiwan.” The United States Government understands and appreciates the Chinese policy of striving for a peaceful resolution of the Taiwan question as indicated in China’s Message to Compatriots in Taiwan issued on January 1, 1979 and the Nine-Point Proposal put forward by China on September 30, 1981. The new situation which has emerged with regard to the Taiwan question also provides favorable conditions for the settlement of United States – China differences over United States arms sales to Taiwan.
六、考慮到雙方的上述聲明，美國政府聲明，它不尋求執行一項長期向台灣出售武器的政策，它向台灣出售的武器在性能和數量上將不超過中美建交後近幾年供應的水平，它準備逐步減少它對台灣的武器出售，並經過一段時間導致最後的解決。在作這樣的聲明時，美國承認中國關於徹底解決這一問題的一貫立場。
Having in mind the foregoing statements of both sides, the United States Government states that it does not seek to carry out a long-term policy of arms sales to Taiwan, that its arms sales to Taiwan will not exceed, either in qualitative or in quantitative terms, the level of those supplied in recent years since the establishment of diplomatic relations between the United States and China, and that it intends gradually to reduce its sale of arms to Taiwan, leading, over a period of time, to a final resolution. In so stating, the United States acknowledges China’s consistent position regarding the thorough settlement of this issue.
七、為了使美國售台武器這個歷史遺留的問題，經過一段時間最終得到解決，兩國政府將盡一切努力，採取措施，創造條件，以利於徹底解決這個問題。
In order to bring about, over a period of time, a final settlement of the question of United States arms sales to Taiwan, which is an issue rooted in history, the two Governments will make every effort to adopt measures and create conditions conducive to the thorough settlement of this issue.
其實就可以理解為何北京對華盛頓喊話時，都是將「停止對臺軍售」與「支持中國和平統一」兩者掛在一起。不過世事無常，山盟海誓向來都難以維繫，此種政治妥協亦難以期待他方認真遵從。儘管有人會在胡猜會不會搞出第四公報，但吾人可以確信，假若北京無法確認華盛頓這次沒有再搞個兩手策略，另外對臺北來個「X項保證」，面對川普經常反覆無常滿嘴謊言，大概也沒有興趣再與華盛頓再簽個沒有誠意履行承諾的第四公報。
「以上言論不代表中華新聞報立場」
張競博士簡介:
資深戰略專家與政軍評論家
張競博士，現任中華戰略學會資深研究員，為中華民國榮民，曾於海軍服役，並擔任中權軍艦艦長。學術背景深厚，為美國海軍戰爭學院績優畢業生，並取得英國赫爾大學政治學博士學位。目前於大學教授國際關係等政治學課程，致力於學術研究與教學。
張博士勤於在媒體上針砭時政，探討國際現勢，經常接受媒體專訪並出席政論節目，對政軍議題發表見解。他的著述範圍廣泛，涵蓋戰略、國際政治、軍事議題等多個領域，獲得了大量讀者的關注和迴響。
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